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Toyota Camry1996-2001 of releaseRepair and car operation |
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Toyota Camry + 1. The maintenance instruction + 1.2. The information before car driving + 1.3. Independent maintenance service + 1.4. Technical characteristics + 1.5. Some councils at car purchase + 2. Maintenance service + 3. Engines + 4. Cooling system + 5. Heating and ventilation + 6. Fuel system + 7. An exhaust system + 8. Transmission + 9. A running gear + 10. Brake system + 11. A body - 12. An electric equipment - 12.1.2. Search of malfunctions 12.1.3. Safety locks 12.1.4. Fusible crosspieces 12.1.5. Breakers 12.1.6. The relay 12.1.7. The breaker of indexes of turn / of the alarm system 12.1.8. A combination of switches on a steering column 12.1.9. The lock of ignition and a lock drum 12.1.10. Switches of the panel of devices 12.1.11. Indexes of level of fuel and oil temperature 12.1.12. A guard of devices 12.1.13. The screen wiper electric motor 12.1.14. The receiver and dynamics 12.1.15. The aerial 12.1.16. A heater of back glass 12.1.17. Lamps of headlights 12.1.18. Headlights 12.1.19. The case галогенной headlights 12.1.20. A sound signal 12.1.21. Replacement of lamps 12.1.22. Lateral mirrors with the electric drive 12.1.23. Cruise-control system 12.1.24. The electric drive window lifterа 12.1.25. The electric drive of door-locks 12.1.26. Safety pillows + 12.2. Electroschemes |
12.1.2. Search of malfunctions
The structure of electric chains of the car includes the consumer, switches, the relay and the wires connected under the applied scheme. Before starting troubleshooting it is necessary to study the scheme and to define a possible source of malfunction. For example, the troubleshooting problem is considerably facilitated, if it will be possible to check up serviceability of other consumers expressly or by implication connected to the suspected chain. If refusal of several consumers most a plausible reason is breakage of connection with weight or blowing a safety lock is observed. As a rule electric equipment refusals are caused by easing of contacts or their corrosion, blowingм a safety lock or оплавлением crosspieces. Search of malfunctions as a rule is carried out visually, and also by means of a tester (voltmeter) or a control lamp which are connected between a site of a faulty chain and well smoothed out weight. The typical electric chain consists of an element of an electric equipment, switches, the relay, engines, the safety locks, burnt through crosspieces or automatic switches and wires and connections which connect all elements among themselves and connect them to the accumulator and weight of the car. Before the beginning of check of a faulty chain, in the beginning study the basic scheme of this chain to understand from what elements it consists. The malfunction source can be found faster if to define, what of elements of this chain work normally. If some elements or chains fail at once, the problem, possibly, consists in the fused safety lock or bad grounding as frequently one safety lock is responsible for some chains. Problems with work of system of an electric equipment are usually caused by the simple reasons, such as the oxidised or unreliable contacts, the fused safety lock, the fused burnt through crosspiece or the faulty relay. Visually check up a condition of all safety locks, wires and connections in a faulty chain before the beginning of check of other elements of this chain. If you are going to use instrumentations, use basic schemes to define, what connections are necessary for checking up for failure detection. 4. The basic devices necessary for search of malfunction in a chain of an electric equipment, are: The device for check of schemes or the voltmeter (or a bulb on 12 Volt with connecting wires); Control bulb with the power supply (or the device for check of integrity of chains); Ohmmeter (for resistance measurement); The accumulator; probeы with wires; накидной a wire, it is desirable with the automatic switch or a safety lock which can be used for check of wires or electric equipment elements. Before the beginning of search of malfunction with use of the control and measuring equipment, study basic schemes to define connection points. For search of unreliable connection or a short circuit point (usually because of the bad either polluted connection, or the damaged isolation) it is possible to shake wires by a hand to see, whether there is a chain out of operation at wire movement. Such way it is possible to find a point with unreliable connection or a point in which there is a short circuit. This method of check can be used along with other tests described in following subsections. Besides the problems connected with bad connection, the electric chain can have two other basic malfunctions – rupture presence in a chain or short circuit. Rupture in a chain can be caused rupture of any wire or absence of connection somewhere in a chain that will prevent a current current. Rupture in a chain will cause refusal of any element of an electric equipment in work, but will not lead перегоранию a safety lock of this chain. The malfunctions connected with short circuit, are caused by short circuit somewhere in a chain that leads to that the current flowing on a chain, starts to flow on other chain, and more often, leaves on weight. Short circuit is usually caused by isolation rupture that allows a feeding wire to concern either other wire, or the earthed element, such, as a body. Short circuit leads перегоранию a safety lock of a corresponding chain. Before search of a source of malfunction or at repair carrying out in electric equipment system, do not forget that various types of wires have various colour. For search of rupture of a chain connect one of probeов a control bulb to the negative plug of the accumulator or weight of the car. Connect the second probe to connection in a checked chain, it is desirable located as it is possible more close to the accumulator or a safety lock. Submit pressure on a chain. Do not forget that pressure is present at some chains only if to turn a key in the ignition lock in certain position. If pressure is present (about what the lighted up control bulb will testify or voltmeter indications), it means that the chain part between connection and the accumulator is serviceable. Continue check of other part of a chain in the same way. When you will find a point where pressure is absent, it means that the malfunction source lies between this point and last point where pressure was present. The majority of problems is caused by bad connection. Short circuit search For chain check on short circuit presence, in the beginning disconnect chain loading (loading are elements of an electric equipment which consume the electric power, such as bulbs, engines, heating elements etc.). Remove a safety lock of a corresponding chain and connect a control bulb or the voltmeter to plugs of connection of a safety lock. Submit pressure on a chain. Do not forget that pressure is present at some chains only if to turn a key in the ignition lock in certain position. If pressure is present (about what the lighted up control bulb will testify or voltmeter indications), it means that in a chain there is a short circuit. If pressure is not present, but the safety lock nevertheless fuses at connection of elements of loading, means, is faulty any of these elements. Check of reliability of grounding The negative plug of the accumulator is connected to weight of the car – to metal of the engine / of a transmission and a car body – and the majority of systems of an electric equipment are developed so that one feeding wire approached to an electric equipment element only, and the current came back through metal of a body of the car. It means that fastening of an element of an electric equipment and a car body are a part of an electric chain. Therefore, the bad or oxidised fastening can be at the bottom of a great number of malfunctions in electric equipment system, from a full exit of a chain out of operation before its unreliable work. In particular, bulbs can burn dimly (especially if other chain using the same grounding) is included, engines (for example, engines of screen wipers or the fan of cooling of a radiator) can slowly work and inclusion of any chain can influence work of other chain. Notice that on many cars connecting earthing strips between various units of the car are used, for example, between the engine/transmission and a body, usually when between elements there is no metal contact because of use of rubber fastenings etc. For check of reliability of grounding disconnect the accumulator and connect one of probeов an ohmmeter to weight of the car. Connect the second probe to a wire or a point of grounding which is necessary for checking up. The resistance registered by an ohmmeter, should equal to zero; if is not present, check up connection as follows. If you consider that connection is not perfectly in order, disassemble connection and smooth out to pure metal a contact surface and the plug of a wire or a surface of an earthed element. Remove completely a dirt and corrosion traces, then, by means of a knife remove a paint coat to receive reliable connection of metal with metal. At assemblage, reliably fix connection; at installation of the plug of a wire, use gear washers between the plug and a body. After connection, for prevention of formation of corrosion put on connection a layer of vaseline or silicone greasing. Sockets
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